Scientific Research
These studies are a small sample of the wide range of laboratory and clinical research being conducted on the benefits of CBD and medicinal mushrooms. Also included are references to resources explaining some aspects of our products and important biological systems in our bodies that interact with them.
CBD And Pain
Mun CJ, Letzen JE, Peters EN, et al.
Cannabinoid effects on responses to quantitative sensory testing among individuals with and without clinical pain: a systematic review.
Pain. 2020;161(2):244‐260. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001720
Lötsch J, Weyer-Menkhoff I, Tegeder I.
Current evidence of cannabinoid-based analgesia obtained in preclinical and human experimental settings.
European Journal of Pain. 2018;22(3):471‐484. doi:10.1002/ejp.1148
De Vita MJ, Moskal D, Maisto SA, Ansell EB.
Association of Cannabinoid Administration With Experimental Pain in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75(11):1118‐1127. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2503
Beltramo M, Bernardini N, Bertorelli R, et al.
CB2 receptor-mediated antihyperalgesia: possible direct involvement of neural mechanisms. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2006;23(6):1530‐1538.
doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04684.x
Johnson JR, Lossignol D, Burnell-Nugent M, Fallon MT.
An open-label extension study to investigate the long-term safety and tolerability of THC/CBD oromucosal spray and oromucosal THC spray in patients with terminal cancer-related pain refractory to strong opioid analgesics.
Journal of Pain Symptom Management. 2013;46(2):207‐218. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.07.014
De Gregorio D, McLaughlin RJ, Posa L, et al.
Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain.
Pain. 2019;160(1):136‐150. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001386
CBD, Mental Health and Sleep
Crippa JA, Guimarães FS, Campos AC, Zuardi AW.
Translational Investigation of the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a New Age.
Frontiers in Immunology. 2018;9:2009. 2018 Sep 21. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02009
Blessing EM, Steenkamp MM, Manzanares J, Marmar CR.
Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders.
Neurotherapeutics. 2015;12(4):825‐836. doi:10.1007/s13311-015-0387-1
Lee JLC, Bertoglio LJ, Guimarães FS, Stevenson CW.
Cannabidiol regulation of emotion and emotional memory processing: relevance for treating anxiety-related and substance abuse disorders.
British Journal of Pharmacology. 2017;174(19):3242‐3256. doi:10.1111/bph.13724
Zieba J, Sinclair D, Sebree T, et al.
Cannabidiol (CBD) reduces anxiety-related behavior in mice
via an FMRP-independent mechanism.
Pharmacol Biochem Behavior. 2019;181:93‐100. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2019.05.002
Babson KA, Sottile J, Morabito D.
Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Sleep: a Review of the Literature.
Current Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19(4):23. doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0775-9
Shannon S, Lewis N, Lee H, Hughes S.
Cannabidiol in Anxiety and Sleep: A Large Case Series.
Permanente Journal. 2019;23:18‐041. doi:10.7812/TPP/18-041
CBD, Cancer, Inflammation and the Immune System
Śledziński P, Zeyland J, Słomski R, Nowak A.
The current state and future perspectives of cannabinoids in cancer biology.
Cancer Med. 2018;7(3):765‐775. doi:10.1002/cam4.1312
Pellati F, Borgonetti V, Brighenti V, Biagi M, Benvenuti S, Corsi L.
Cannabis sativa L. and Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoids: Their Chemistry and Role against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cancer.
Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1691428. 2018 Dec 4. doi:10.1155/2018/1691428
Scheau C, Badarau IA, Mihai LG, et al.
Cannabinoids in the Pathophysiology of Skin Inflammation.
Molecules. 2020;25(3):652. 2020 Feb 4. doi:10.3390/molecules25030652
Ramer R, Hinz B.
Cannabinoids as Anticancer Drugs.
Adv Pharmacol. 2017;80:397‐436. doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2017.04.002
Velasco G, Hernández-Tiedra S, Dávila D, Lorente M.
The use of cannabinoids as anticancer agents.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2016;64:259‐266. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.05.010
Fraguas-Sánchez AI, Fernández-Carballido A, Torres-Suárez AI.
Phyto-, endo- and synthetic cannabinoids: promising chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of breast and prostate carcinomas.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2016;25(11):1311‐1323. doi:10.1080/13543784.2016.1236913
Calvaruso G, Pellerito O, Notaro A, Giuliano M.
Cannabinoid-associated cell death mechanisms in tumor models (review).
Int J Oncol. 2012;41(2):407‐413. doi:10.3892/ijo.2012.1476
Velasco G, Sánchez C, Guzmán M.
Endocannabinoids and Cancer.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2015;231:449‐472. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20825-1_16
Chye Y, Christensen E, Solowij N, Yücel M.
The Endocannabinoid System and Cannabidiol's Promise for the Treatment of Substance Use Disorder.
Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:63. Published 2019 Feb 19. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00063
CBD, Memory and Brain Function
Cheng D, Spiro AS, Jenner AM, Garner B, Karl T.
Long-term cannabidiol treatment prevents the development of social recognition memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42(4):1383‐1396. doi:10.3233/JAD-140921
Watt G, Karl T.
In vivo Evidence for Therapeutic Properties of Cannabidiol (CBD) for Alzheimer's Disease.
Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:20. 2017 Feb 3. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00020
Karl T, Garner B, Cheng D.
The therapeutic potential of the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol for Alzheimer's disease.
Behav Pharmacol. 2017;28(2 and 3-Spec Issue):142‐160. doi:10.1097/FBP.0000000000000247
Endocannabinoid System
Corroon J, Felice JF.
The Endocannabinoid System and its Modulation by Cannabidiol (CBD).
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2019;25(S2):6‐14.
Pertwee RG.
Endocannabinoids and Their Pharmacological Actions.
Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. 2015;231:1‐37. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20825-1_1
Pertwee RG.
Targeting the endocannabinoid system with cannabinoid receptor agonists: pharmacological strategies and therapeutic possibilities.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2012;367(1607):3353‐3363. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0381
Pertwee RG.
Emerging strategies for exploiting cannabinoid receptor agonists as medicines.
British Journal of Pharmacology. 2009;156(3):397‐411. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00048.x
Thakur GA, Tichkule R, Bajaj S, Makriyannis A.
Latest advances in cannabinoid receptor agonists.
Expert Opinions on Therapeutic Patents. 2009;19(12):1647‐1673.doi:10.1517/13543770903436505
Ryan D, Drysdale AJ, Pertwee RG, Platt B.
Interactions of cannabidiol with endocannabinoid signalling in hippocampal tissue.
Eur J Neurosci. 2007;25(7):2093‐2102. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05448.x
Medicinal Mushrooms
Phan CW, David P, Naidu M, Wong KH, Sabaratnam V.
Therapeutic potential of culinary-medicinal mushrooms for the management of neurodegenerative diseases: diversity, metabolite, and mechanism.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2015;35(3):355‐368. doi:10.3109/07388551.2014.887649
Sharma D, Singh VP, Singh NK.
A Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal as well as Poisonous Mushrooms.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2018;18(13):1095‐1109. doi:10.2174/1389557517666170927144119
Wasser SP.
Medicinal Mushrooms in Human Clinical Studies. Part I. Anticancer, Oncoimmunological, and Immunomodulatory Activities: A Review.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2017;19(4):279‐317. doi:10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i4.10
Venturella G, Saporita P, Gargano ML.
The Potential Role of Medicinal Mushrooms in the Prevention and Treatment
of Gynecological Cancers: A Review.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2019;21(3):225‐235. doi:10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2019030289
Chang ST, Wasser SP.
Current and Future Research Trends in Agricultural and Biomedical Applications of Medicinal Mushrooms and Mushroom Products (Review).
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2018;20(12):1121‐1133. doi:10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2018029378
Wong KH, Ng CC, Kanagasabapathy G, Yow YY, Sabaratnam V.
An Overview of Culinary and Medicinal Mushrooms in
Neurodegeneration and Neurotrauma Research.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2017;19(3):191‐202. doi:10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i3.10
Phan CW, David P, Sabaratnam V.
Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms: Emerging Brain Food for the
Mitigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
J Med Food. 2017;20(1):1‐10. doi:10.1089/jmf.2016.3740
Muszyńska B, Grzywacz-Kisielewska A, Kała K, Gdula-Argasińska J.
Anti-inflammatory properties of edible mushrooms: A review.
Food Chem. 2018;243:373‐381. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.149
Chong PS, Fung ML, Wong KH, Lim LW.
Therapeutic Potential of Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) for Depressive Disorder.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019;21(1):163. Published 2019 Dec 25. doi:10.3390/ijms21010163
Socala K, Nieoczym D, Grzywnowicz K, Stefaniuk D, Wlaz P.
Evaluation of Anticonvulsant, Antidepressant-, and Anxiolytic-like Effects of an Aqueous Extract from Cultured Mycelia of the Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Mice.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2015;17(3):209‐218. doi:10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v17.i3.10
Bioavailability of Nano Emulsified CBD
Salvia-Trujillo L, Martín-Belloso O, McClements DJ.
Excipient Nanoemulsions for Improving Oral Bioavailability of Bioactives. Nanomaterials (Basel).
2016;6(1):17. Published 2016 Jan 14. doi:10.3390/nano6010017
Huabing Chen, Chalermchai Khemtong, Xiangliang Yang, Xueling Chang, Jinming Gao et al
Nanonization strategies for poorly water-soluble drugs
Drug Discovery Today. Volume 16, Issues 7–8, April 2011, Pages 354-360
Iris J, Joyeab Gabriel, Davidov-Pardoa David, Julian McClements.
Nanotechnology for increased micronutrient bioavailability.
Trends in Food Science & Technology. Volume 40, Issue 2, December 2014, Pages 168-182
Qingrong Huang, Hailong Yu, Qiaomei Ru.
Bioavailability and Delivery of Nutraceuticals Using Nanotechnology.
Journal of Food Science, Jan/Feb 2010; Vol 75(1):R50-57
T.Kotylaa, F. Kuob, V. Moolchandanic, T.Wilsona, R.Nicolosi.
Increased bioavailability of a transdermal application of a nano-sized emulsion preparation.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics. Volume 347, Issues 1–2, 22 January 2008, Pages 144-148